Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Nanotherapeutics – 2021, Pages 237-259

The skin is considered to be the largest organ in the human body and is the first line of defense against the external environment such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), chemicals, and pathogenic microorganisms. Research suggests that skin aging has both an intrinsic and extrinsic aspect. Intrinsic aging is genetically determined and is thought to be a result of mitochondrial ROS production as a natural by-product of oxidative phosphorylation within cells. On the other hand, extrinsic aging can be controlled and occurs as a result of exposure to damaging environmental stressors such as UVR and pollution which have been shown to generate ROS in levels which saturate the skin’s natural defense mechanisms.

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